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Key elements of the scientific attitude
Which of the following was not discussed as one of the three key elements of the scientific attitude
Part1 （cHAPTER 1）
QUESTION 1
Which of the following was not discussed as one of the three key elements of the scientific attitude?
| dual processing | ||
| curiosity | ||
| skepticism | ||
| humility |
10 points
QUESTION 2
How has psychology’s focus changed over time? Key elements of the scientific attitude
| We have gone from defining psychology as the “science of mental life” to defining psychology as “the science of behavior and mental processes”. | ||
| We used to only study what went wrong, but now we only study what we can do to make things go right (i.e. positive psychology). | ||
| We used to just focus on people, but now we study animals and plants as well. |
10 points
QUESTION 3
Critical thinking refers to…
| the inclusion of biology, psychology, and social processes | ||
| exploring human strengths as well as weaknesses | ||
| operating with a two-track mind | ||
| challenging our beliefs |
10 points
QUESTION 4
Dual processing refers to…
| the interaction of biology and social elements in psychology | ||
| studying both human strengths and weaknesses | ||
| the idea that we process information on both conscious and unconscious tracks at the same time |
Key elements of the scientific attitude
10 points
QUESTION 5
Psychological theories are…
| explanations using principles that organize observations and predict events | ||
| predictions that can be tested | ||
| a process of validation, rejection or revision |
10 points
QUESTION 6
Psychological hypotheses are…
| explanations that organize observations and predict events | ||
| predictions that can be tested | ||
| validation, rejection or revision |
Key elements of the scientific attitude
10 points
QUESTION 7
Which variable do researchers manipulate?
| confounding variable | ||
| independent variable | ||
| extraneous variable | ||
| dependent variable |
10 points
QUESTION 8
Which of the following is the name for preexisting differences between groups in psychological research?
| extraneous variables | ||
| independent variables | ||
| dependent variables | ||
| confounding variables |
Key elements of the scientific attitude
10 points
QUESTION 9
What group monitors research at institutions such as Valpo to ensure ethical guidelines are followed?
| the APA ethics board | ||
| the National Institute for Mental Health | ||
| the Institutional Review Board |
Key elements of the scientific attitude
Part2 （chapter6）
QUESTION 1
Learning is defined as…
| acquiring mental information | ||
| responding to stimuli in the environment | ||
| acquiring new and relatively enduring information |
10 points
QUESTION 2
When we learn to consciously associate certain events and thereby learn something new, we have experienced…
| classical conditioning | ||
| cognitive learning | ||
| operant learning |
Key elements of the scientific attitude
10 points
QUESTION 3
Extinction in classical conditioning occurs when…
| there is diminished resonding | ||
| a response is triggered by a similar stimulus | ||
| a response occurs again after a rest period | ||
| when the NS is presented before the CS |
Key elements of the scientific attitude
10 points
QUESTION 4
If we pair a neutral stimulus with a unconditioned stimulus and get a conditioned response, we are experiencing…
| operant conditioning | ||
| classical conditioning | ||
| modeling |
10 points
QUESTION 5
When we learn because some behavior is reinforced or punished, we have experienced…
| operant conditioning | ||
| classical conditioning | ||
| modeling |
10 points
QUESTION 6
Negative reinforcers…
| remove a negative stimulus from the environment | ||
| add a desirable stimulus to the environment | ||
| introduces an undesirable consequence | ||
| withdraws a desirable consequence |
Key elements of the scientific attitude
10 points
QUESTION 7
The purpose of positive reinforcement is to…
| increase the likelihood of a particular response | ||
| decrease the likelihood of a particular response |
Key elements of the scientific attitude
10 points
QUESTION 8
The purpose of negative reinforcement is to…
| increase the likelihood of a particular response | ||
| decrease the likelihood of a particular response |
Key elements of the scientific attitude
10 points
QUESTION 9
Observational learning allows us to learn by vicarious reinforcement or vicarious punishment.
True
False
10 points
QUESTION 10
The existence of mirror neurons has been irrefutably (absolutely) demonstrated.
True
False