Grand Canyon University PHI 413V Healing and Autonomy Case Study Paper

In addition to the attached articles (must reference), use the attached completed chart (attached) about “Case Study: Healing and Autonomy” as the basis for responses in this assignment. Grand Canyon University PHI 413V Healing and Autonomy Case Study Paper

Please use the sections as sub-headings to organize the paper.
Please watch for the word count limits.
Base your arguments on sound reasoning and authoritative sources

Answer the following questions about a patient’s spiritual needs in light of the Christian worldview.

1.In 200-250 words, respond to the following: Should the physician allow Mike to continue making decisions that seem to him to be irrational and harmful to James, or would that mean a disrespect of a patient’s autonomy? Explain your rationale.

2.In 400-500 words, respond to the following: How ought the Christian think about sickness and health? How should a Christian think about medical intervention? What should Mike as a Christian do? How should he reason about trusting God and treating James in relation to what is truly honoring the principles of beneficence and nonmaleficence in James’s care? Grand Canyon University PHI 413V Healing and Autonomy Case Study Paper

3.In 200-250 words, respond to the following: How would a spiritual needs assessment help the physician assist Mike determine appropriate interventions for James and for his family or others involved in his care?

4.Explain in detail the diagnosis in this Case Study

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines

PHI 413V RS T3T5 Case Study: Healing and Autonomy

Mike and Joanne are the parents of James and Samuel, identical twins born 8 years ago. James is currently suffering from acute glomerulonephritis, kidney failure. James was originally brought into the hospital for complications associated with a strep throat infection. The spread of the A streptococcus infection led to the subsequent kidney failure. James’s condition was acute enough to warrant immediate treatment. Usually cases of acute glomerulonephritis caused by strep infection tend to improve on their own or with an antibiotic. However, James also had elevated blood pressure and enough fluid buildup that required temporary dialysis to relieve. Grand Canyon University PHI 413V Healing and Autonomy Case Study Paper

The attending physician suggested immediate dialysis. After some time of discussion with Joanne, Mike informs the physician that they are going to forego the dialysis and place their faith in God. Mike and Joanne had been moved by a sermon their pastor had given a week ago, and also had witnessed a close friend regain mobility when she was prayed over at a healing service after a serious stroke. They thought it more prudent to take James immediately to a faith healing service instead of putting James through multiple rounds of dialysis. Yet, Mike and Joanne agreed to return to the hospital after the faith healing services later in the week, and in hopes that James would be healed by then. Grand Canyon University PHI 413V Healing and Autonomy Case Study Paper

Two days later the family returned and was forced to place James on dialysis, as his condition had deteriorated. Mike felt perplexed and tormented by his decision to not treat James earlier. Had he not enough faith? Was God punishing him or James? To make matters worse, James’s kidneys had deteriorated such that his dialysis was now not a temporary matter and was in need of a kidney transplant. Crushed and desperate, Mike and Joanne immediately offered to donate one of their own kidneys to James, but they were not compatible donors. Over the next few weeks, amidst daily rounds of dialysis, some of their close friends and church members also offered to donate a kidney to James. However, none of them were tissue matches.

James’s nephrologist called to schedule a private appointment with Mike and Joanne. James was stable, given the regular dialysis, but would require a kidney transplant within the year. Given the desperate situation, the nephrologist informed Mike and Joanne of a donor that was an ideal tissue match, but as of yet had not been considered—James’s brother Samuel.

Mike vacillates and struggles to decide whether he should have his other son Samuel lose a kidney or perhaps wait for God to do a miracle this time around. Perhaps this is where the real testing of his faith will come in? Mike reasons, “This time around it is a matter of life and death. What could require greater faith than that?” Grand Canyon University PHI 413V Healing and Autonomy Case Study Paper

aligning_ethics.pdf

making_the_case_for_ethical_decision_making.pdf

Applying the Four Principles: Case Study

Part 1: Chart (60 points)Based on the “Healing and Autonomy” case study, fill out all the relevant boxes below. Provide the information by means of bullet points or a well-structured paragraph in the box. Gather as much data as possible.

Medical Indications

Beneficence and Nonmaleficence

Patient Preferences

Autonomy

· Medical diagnosis is made in the case of patients as a way of identifying healthcare issues.

· Taking diagnosis results to decide the treatment plan is part of ensuring non-maleficence so that patients are not subjected to harm Grand Canyon University PHI 413V Healing and Autonomy Case Study Paper

· With beneficence, the parents and doctors act in the best interest of James.

· Parents of James are interested in taking the option they think will be suitable for him to get healed.

· They are in no way harming him through their faith in prayers.

· They take a doctor’s recommendation as a way of ensuring he gets better.

· Patients are supposed to make their decisions without any version influences (Beever & Brightman, 2016).

· James is a kid. Hence it’s the role of the parents to decide on his behalf.

· James does not resist the decisions meaning he agrees with the decision.

· The physician does not oppose the decision of the patents but offers them a guide.

Grand Canyon University PHI 413V Healing and Autonomy Case Study Paper

Quality of Life

Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Autonomy

Contextual Features

Justice and Fairness

· Quality of life is connected to the traits of the treatment options for the patients (Carr & Winslow, 2017).

· James on dialysis is set to improve on health compared to the condition before.

· There is a dilemma on whether the brother should donate the kidney, or they should rely on faith for James to heal.

· Parents need to make a consultation with James on the matter of getting a transplanted kidney from the brother.

· Features of justice include legal, familiar setting and social aspects in medical choices (Gillon, 2018).

· James’ parents are driven by their faith in making decisions on medical choices.

· Parents are willing to donate their kidneys rather than involving their other son as a -way of fairness.

Since only their son can donate in the family, they can allow volunteers.

Grand Canyon University PHI 413V Healing and Autonomy Case Study Paper

Part 2:

Evaluation

Answer each of the following questions about how principlism would be applied: Grand Canyon University PHI 413V Healing and Autonomy Case Study Paper

In 200-250 words answer the following: According to the Christian worldview, which of the four principles is most pressing in this case? Explain why. (45 points)

In the Christian view, beneficence is more pressing than any other form of principle. The laws are connected with kindness, charity, and mercy towards others. The principles are made in the moral obligation of the person towards other people. The moral imperative is observed in the case of the James story, where they have a high level of beneficence towards James. Doing the right thing is considered as one of the best imperative in Christian views. Parents are acting to ensure that James recovers are expected, but they do it in a better and excellent way. They are driven by a high level of faith that they believe he will be recovering. They are highly believing and hopeful that through their Christian faith, James will be healed by the prayers. Thus, they take a step to make the son to a priest before his conditions worsen later. They opt for the dialyses which turn out to be late according to the doctor. Choosing to offer their kindness is part of beneficence (Gillon, 2018). The preference for prayers was a big part of choosing faith instead of the treatment. Despite their son’s health deterioration, it would be wrong to create blame as they had taken the option out of faith. Grand Canyon University PHI 413V Healing and Autonomy Case Study Paper

In 200-250 words answer the following: According to the Christian worldview, how might a Christian rank the priority of the four principles? Explain why. (45 points)

In ranking the four principles, beneficence will be ranked first in the list. It will then be followed by non-maleficence. The third position in the rank will include justice. Finally, anatomy comes last in the list principles. In consideration of family care towards their children, people will always first show love and kindness to their children (Pipien, 2018). Such aspects are a significant part of the principle of beneficence.Grand Canyon University PHI 413V Healing and Autonomy Case Study Paper. The non-maleficence is depicted through the parent’s effort to keep the children safe, and no harm comes to them. Parents not considering Samuel for the donation of a kidney at first shows they mind him. At the same time, seeking alternatives to have James healed is in the best interest of ensuring no harm comes to their son. Christians are expected to have a great practice of fairness as part of justice towards others. Likely, they do so in all their experiences and encounters with others. In ensuring the anatomy principle, the Christians need to allow others the freedom and chances in making decisions that they are comfortable with (Kaldjian, 2019). The hospital allows the parents of James to make decisions as they plan from their decisions without any form of coercion. Thus, it supports the principle of anatomy in healthcare application. Grand Canyon University PHI 413V Healing and Autonomy Case Study Paper

References:

Beever, J., & Brightman, A. O. (2016). Reflexive principlism as an effective approach for developing ethical reasoning in engineering. Science and engineering ethics, 22(1), 275-291.
Carr, M. F., & Winslow, G. R. (2017). From conceptual to concrete. In World Religions for Healthcare Professionals (pp. 31-45). Routledge.
Gillon, R. (2018). Principlism, virtuism, and the spirit of oneness. In Healthcare Ethics, Law and Professionalism (pp. 45-59). Routledge.
Kaldjian, L. C. (2019). Purpose and Providence: An Outline for Christian Practical Wisdom in Health Care. Christian bioethics: Non-Ecumenical Studies in Medical Morality, 25(2), 169-191.
Pipien, I. (2018). Beneficence and nonmaleficence in care. Soins; la revue de reference infirmiere, 63(824), 51-54.

Grand Canyon University PHI 413V Healing and Autonomy Case Study Paper