NURS 6630 Week 5: Anxiolytic Therapy & PTSD Treatment Essay

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Course                   NURS-6630N-18,Approaches to Treatment.2020 Spring Qtr 02/24-05/17- PT27

Test                        Week 6 Midterm Exam

Started                   4/5/20 1:09 PM

 

Submitted              4/5/20 2:39 PM

Due Date               4/6/20 1:59 AM

 

Status                     Completed Attempt Score       69 out of 75 points

Time Elapsed        1 hour, 29 minutes out of 2 hours

 

Results Displayed

Submitted Answers

 

 

Question 1

1 out of 1 points

 

 

A patient is being prescribed a sedating antidepressant, but is concerned about weight gain. Which medication is most likely to be prescribed to addresses the patient’s concerns?

Selected Answer: D.

trazadone (Oleptro)

 

Question 2

1 out of 1 points

 

 

Which statement made by the PMHNP exemplifies correct teaching of physiological effects in the body?

 

Selected Answer:

D.

D2 partial agonists are associated with increased efficacy in treating positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

Question 3

1 out of 1 points

 

 

After ordering flumazenil (Rumazicon) the PMHNP cautions the staff to monitor for which possible effect?

Selected Answer: D.

All of the above

 

Question 4

1 out of 1 points

 

 

Which statement about neurotransmitters and medications is true?

 

Selected Answer:

 

 

Question 5

B.

Several psychiatric medications have been developed after discoveries of endogenous neurotransmitters and defining their function in the brain.

1 out of 1 points

 

 

Mrs. Trevor is a 44-year-old patient who does not have a diagnosis of schizophrenia but occasionally reports symptoms of psychosis, followed by severe fatigue. Mrs. Trevor inquires about the use of amphetamines to help with her energy levels. Which response made by the PMHNP is most appropriate?

 

Selected Answer:

 

 

Question 6

C.

“Amphetamines can cause hallucinations, so I would advise against this type of prescription.”

1 out of 1 points

 

 

The PMHNP is caring for several patients who present with various symptoms and health issues. For which patient does the PMHNP prescribe pregabalin (Lyrica)?

Selected Answer: B.

 

Patient with partial seizures

Question 7

1 out of 1 points

 

 

As it relates to G-protein linked receptors, what does the PMHNP understand about medications that are used in practice?

 

Selected Answer:

 

 

Question 8

• out of 1 points

A.

Most medications that act on G-protein linked receptors have antagonistic traits.

 

 

 

The PMHNP is meeting with a new mother who would like to begin taking medication again to treat her bipolar depression; she is breastfeeding her 2-month old daughter. The PMHNP recognizes that which of the following medications is contraindicated for this patient?

Selected Answer: C.

Lithium (Lithobid)

 

Question 9

• out of 1 points

 

 

The PMHNP understands that the potential of alcohol abuse in the anxious client is higher for the following reasons:

Selected Answer: a.

Alcohol exerts an effect on GABAA receptors.

 

Question 10

1 out of 1 points

 

 

A 25-year-old female patient is being prescribed milnacipran to treat fibromyalgia, and

expresses concern regarding “how she will feel and look” from taking the medicine. Which statement correctly describes the side effects as a result of taking this medication?

Selected Answer: D.

Weight gain is unusual.

 

Question 11

1 out of 1 points

 

 

Mr. Gordon is a middle-aged client who was started on antidepressant monotherapy for depression. After beginning this medication, the PMHNP noticed that this client seemed to swing into a hypomanic episode. What can the PMHNP infer from this behavior change?

Selected Answer: A.

This client may have Bipolar III disorder

 

Question 12

1 out of 1 points

 

 

Mr. McCullin is 64 years old with Parkinson’s disease. The PMHNP caring for Mr. McCullin wants to start him on a dopamine agonist to help manage and treat his condition. The PHMNP selects this agent because of which action it has on patients like Mr. McCullin?

Selected Answer: D.

D2 receptors are the primary binding site for dopamine agonists.

 

Question 13

• out of 1 points

 

 

The PMHNP recognizes that which patient would be contraindicated for antidepressant monotherapy?

Selected Answer: B.

Patient with a bipolar II designation

 

Question 14

• out of 1 points

 

 

The PMHNP is caring for a patient with schizophrenia and is considering a variety of treatment approaches. The PHMNP selects a viable treatment that is consistent with the “dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia.” What action does the PMHNP anticipate this treatment having on the patient?

 

Selected Answer:

 

 

Question 15

B.

Hyperactivity in the mesolimbic dopamine pathway mediates the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

1 out of 1 points

 

 

There are a number of endocrine reactions that accompany fear. A quick boost of cortisol may enhance survival when encountering a real but short-term threat. However, chronic elevations in cortisol can lead to increased medical comorbidities. Which of the following medical conditions may be related to these persistent cortisol elevations?

Selected Answer: D.

All of the above

 

Question 16

1 out of 1 points

 

 

A patient who was diagnosed with bipolar disorder without mania, asks the PMHNP why he is being prescribed a mood stabilizer. What is the appropriate response?

 

Selected Answer:

C.

Mood stabilizers can target mania and mania relapse and also reduce symptoms of bipolar depression and relapse of bipolar depression symptoms but no drug has been proven to target all four therapeutic actions

 

Question 17

1 out of 1 points

 

 

The PMHNP is assessing a patient in the psychiatric emergency room. The patient tells the PMHNP that he does not understand why his depression has not lifted after being on four different antidepressants over the course of a year. Which of the following symptoms can be

 

Selected Answer: D.

A and C

 

Question 18

1 out of 1 points

 

 

Mrs. Schwartzman is a 52-year-old client with schizophrenia and no established history of depression. When meeting with the PMHNP, she presents with apathy and withdrawn social behavior, and she reports a loss of joy from enjoyable activities since starting her new medication. What does the PMHNP infer from this encounter with the client?

Selected Answer: C.

The new medication is blocking D2 receptors in the mesolimbic system

 

Question 19

1 out of 1 points

 

 

The PMHNP is caring for a new patient who has been transferred from another office. When meeting with the new patient, the patient reports, “I feel like I am improving with the stabilizers.” The PMHNP immediately recognizes that the patient is describing which kind of drug?

Selected Answer: C.

Partial agonists

 

Question 20

1 out of 1 points

 

 

A 51-year-old female patient presents with symptoms of depression, including lack of motivation and difficulty sleeping. What risk factors would increase her vulnerability for a diagnosis of depression?

Selected Answer: D.

A and C

 

Question 21

 

 

 

Ms. Boeckh is a 42-year-old patient with major depression. The PMHNP understands that which action of norepinephrine will affect Ms. Boeckh’s serotonin levels?

Selected Answer: B.

Norepinephrine inhibits 5HT release through a2 receptors.

 

Question 22

1 out of 1 points

 

 

Though medications have the ability to target neurotransmitter release into the synapse by the presynaptic neuron it is not always necessary. The PMHNP understands that this is because:

Selected Answer: C.

Neurotransmitters can spread by diffusion.

 

Question 23

1 out of 1 points

 

 

The student inquires about antipsychotic medications. Which response by the PMHNP describes the factors that contribute to reduced risk of extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) for patients who take antipsychotics?

Selected Answer: B.

Those that are potent D2 antagonists with 5HT2A antagonism properties

 

Question 24

1 out of 1 points

 

 

Mrs. Schwartzman is a 52-year-old patient with schizophrenia and no established history of depression. When meeting with the PMHNP, she presents with apathy and withdrawn social behavior, and she reports a loss of joy from enjoyable activities. What does the PMHNP infer from this encounter with the patient?

Selected Answer: B.

The recent change of a 2nd generation antipsychotic to a conventional one

Question 25

1 out of 1 points

 

 

Why is the cytochrome P450 enzyme system of significance to the PMHNP?

 

Selected Answer:

 

 

Question 26

B.

The bioavailability of the medication after it passes through the stomach and liver can be altered.

1 out of 1 points

 

 

Mr. Ruby is a 33-year-old single father who is requesting pharmacological intervention to treat his fibromyalgia. The PMHNP sees in the medical chart that he has a recent diagnosis of arrhythmia and a BMI of 29. During his assessment, the PMHNP learns that Mr. Ruby works 40–50 hours a week as a contractor and “manages his stress” by smoking 3–4 cigarettes a day and having 8–10 drinks of alcohol each week. Why would duloxetine be contraindicated for Mr. Ruby?

Selected Answer: C.

He uses alcohol.

 

Question 27

• out of 1 points

 

 

Mr. Gordon is a middle-aged patient who is taking antipsychotics. When meeting with the PMHNP, he reports positive responses to the medication, stating, “I really feel as though the effects of my depression are going away.” Which receptor action in antipsychotic medications is believed to be the most beneficial in producing the effects described by Mr. Gordon?

Selected Answer: D.

D2 partial agonist

 

Question 28

• out of 1 points

 

 

A 45 year old female client with allergic rhinitis and normal blood pressure has had no reduction in depressive symptoms after trying bupropion, paroxetine, and venlafaxine. What precautions are needed when considering phenelzine in treating her depression?

 

Selected Answer:

 

 

Question 29

1 out of 1 points

B.

The client will need to minimize dietary intake of foods that are high in tyramine.

 

 

 

During gene expression, what must occur prior to a gene being expressed?

 

Selected Answers:

 

 

Question 30

1 out of 1 points

A.

Transcription factor must bind to the regulatory region within the cell’s nucleus.

 

 

 

What characteristics do the nicotinic, cholinergic, serotonin 3, and glycine receptors all have in common?

Selected Answer: A.

Ligand-gated ion channels with a pentameric structure

 

Question 31

1 out of 1 points

 

 

Fluoxetine (Prozac) has been prescribed for a patient. Which of the following statements is true regarding the action of this medication?

 

Selected Answer:

 

 

Question 32

D.

The action at the somatodendritic end of the serotonin neuron may best explain the therapeutic action of SSRIs.

 

 

 

Ms. Skidmore presents for a follow-up appointment after being prescribed phenelzine (Nardil), and reports “I take my 45 mg pill, three times a day, just like I’m supposed to.” What does the PMHNP understand about this patient?

 

Selected Answer:

 

 

Question 33

C.

Ms. Skidmore is taking too much of the phenelzine (Nardil); she should be taking the 45 mg in three doses.

1 out of 1 points

 

 

The PMHNP is caring for a patient who is taking antipsychotics heard the psychiatrist tell the patient that the patient would be placed on a different antipsychotic agent called an atypical antipsychotic. What neurotransmitters will this new medication work on?

Selected Answer: A.

dopamine and serotonin

 

Question 34

1 out of 1 points

 

 

A nursing student is seeking clarification on the use of anticonvulsants to treat bipolar depression and is unclear about which anticonvulsants have the most effective outcomes in treating bipolar depression. Which of the following anticonvulsants is NOT used for treating bipolar depression?

Selected Answer: B.

Gabapentin (Neurontin)

 

Question 35

1 out of 1 points

 

 

Ms. Ryerson is a 28-year-old patient with a mood disorder. She recently requested to transfer to a new PMHNP, after not getting along well with her previous provider. The new PHMNP is reviewing Ms. Ryerson’s medical chart prior to their first appointment. Upon review, the

does the PMHNP infer about the patient’s prescription based on this documentation? Selected Answer: A.

The patient has an unsustained response to antidepressants.

 

Question 36

1 out of 1 points

 

 

Fluoxetine (Prozac) has been prescribed for a client with depression. Which of the following statements is true regarding the action of this medication?

Selected Answer: B.

Fluoxetine inhibits the serotonin transporter (SERT).

 

Question 37

1 out of 1 points

 

 

The PMHNP is caring for four patients. Which patient statement indicates that benzodiazepines would be beneficial?

Selected Answer: D.

“I feel nervous to go outside and be in large crowds.”

 

Question 38

1 out of 1 points

 

 

The PMHNP is assessing a client in the emergency room. The client shares that he has been on lithium for many years. What blood test does the PMHNP order?

Selected Answer: A.

Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

 

Question 39

1 out of 1 points

 

Which statement made by the PMHNP demonstrates proper teaching of the food-drug interactions for MAO inhibitors?

Selected Answer: A.

“You must avoid soy products, such as tofu.”

 

Question 40

• out of 1 points

 

 

A patient with schizophrenia is given an inverse agonist that acts on the receptor 5HT and neurotransmitter serotonin. What is the rationale for prescribing a medication such as this?

Selected Answer: C.

To indirectly increase the amount of dopamine in the body

 

Question 41

• out of 1 points

 

 

When an unstable patient asks why it is necessary to add medications to his current regimen, the PMHNP’s best response would be:

 

Selected Answer:

C.

“Many psychiatric illnesses involve several dys-functioning neurotransmitter systems in the brain. Often, a single medication may only effect one or two of the dys-functioning systems. The addition of another medication can work with the current medication in stabilizing multiple neurotransmitter systems and help to alleviate your symptoms.”

 

Question 42

1 out of 1 points

 

 

A patient is prescribed 50 mg of desvenlafaxine to take every other day for major depressive disorder. What does the PMHNP understand about this patient?

Selected Answer: C.

The patient has severe renal impairment.

1 out of 1 points

 

 

The PMNHP is assessing a 29-year-old client who takes antipsychotics that block D2 receptors. This client has begun to develop a common side effect of this medication. What is this side effect?

Selected Answer: D.

Tardive dyskinesia

 

Question 44

1 out of 1 points

 

 

A nurse overhears that a patient has failed single therapy with an SSRI and SNRI. She also learns that the patient has been on dual SSRI/SNRI therapy without adequate symptom control. She approaches the PMHNP and asks what the next treatment option could be in this seemingly treatment-resistant patient. The PMHNP tells the nurse she will treat the patient with the following regimen:

Selected Answer: B.

SSRI/SNRI plus NDRI

 

Question 45

1 out of 1 points

 

 

Ms. Boeckh is a 42-year-old client who is taking an antidepressant therapy. The PMHNP understands that this medication can have substantial food interactions that can cause Ms. Boeckh to develop a hypertensive crisis. Which antidepressant class is Ms. Boeckh’s medication in?

Selected Answer: B.

MAO inhibitors

 

Question 46

1 out of 1 points

 

the PMHNP prescribe to the patient? Selected Answer: D.

Varenicline (Chantix)

 

Question 47

1 out of 1 points

 

 

A patient is prescribed fluoxetine but is concerned about the side effects. Which statement demonstrates accurate patient teaching when discussing the side effects associated with fluoxetine?

Selected Answer: C.

Induction of mania is rare.

 

Question 48

1 out of 1 points

 

 

It is important for the PMHNP to recognize differences in pharmacokinetics to safely prescribe and monitor medications. Which of the following statements does the competent PMHNP identify as true?

 

Selected Answer:

 

 

Question 49

A.

About 1 out of 5 Asians requires lower-than-normal doses of some antidepressants and antipsychotics.

1 out of 1 points

 

 

The PMHNP spends a session with a client and notices behaviors correlating with a potential manic episode. All of the following are possible manic symptoms the PMHNP could

observe except:

Selected Answer: D.

A low self esteem

 

Question 50

 

 

 

The nurse education knows that teaching was effective when one of the students compares fluvoxamine to sertraline and notes which of the following similarities?

 

Selected Answer:

 

 

Question 51

D.

Both have actions at sigma receptors which contribute to both anxiolytic and antipsychotic effects.

• out of 1 points

 

 

A client is prescribed fluoxetine but is concerned about side effects. Which statement demonstrates accurate client teaching when discussing the side effects associated with fluoxetine?

Selected Answer: C.

Sedation is unusual

 

Question 52

• out of 1 points

 

 

A patient who is prescribed MAO inhibitors asks about whether he can continue taking pseudoephedrine to relieve his congestion. Which response by the PMHNP indicates proper understanding of drug-drug interactions?

Selected Answer: D.

“Decongestants should be avoided due to risk of hypertensive crisis.”

 

Question 53

1 out of 1 points

 

 

A nurse overhears that a client has failed monotherapy with an SSRI and an SNRI. She also learns that the client has failed dual SSRI + SNRI therapy. The nurse approaches the PMHNP and asks what treatment options should be considered in this treatment resistant client. The PMHNP tells the nurse that she will treat the client with the following regimen.

SSRI + NDRI

Question 54

1 out of 1 points

 

 

 

Ms. Hill is currently being treated for schizophrenia but has stopped taking her medications due to some side effects she claims she was experiencing. She presents to the clinic today with worsening symptoms. She is experiencing anhedonia, agitation, attentional impairment, and affective blunting. Which one of the symptoms mentioned is considered a positive symptom of schizophrenia?

 

 

Selected Answer: B.

Agitation

 

Question 55

1 out of 1 points

 

 

A patient is diagnosed with bipolar disorder and is currently taking carbamazepine (Tegretol), aripiprazole (Abilify), and melatonin. The PMHNP has just written an order to discontinue the carbamazepine (Tegretol) for drug-induced thrombocytopenia. The PMHNP is aware that his next best action is to:

Selected Answer: C.

Decrease the amount prescribed for aripiprazole (Abilify)

 

Question 56

1 out of 1 points

 

 

What is accurate about the clinical description of psychosis?

 

Selected Answer:

C.

It is a syndrome that can be associated with a number of psychiatric disorders.

1 out of 1 points

 

 

A noncompliant patient states, “Why do you want me to put this poison in my body?” Identify the best response made by the psychiatric-mental health nurse practitioner (PMHNP).

 

Selected Answer:

C.

“Most medications that work in the brain will result in restoring an imbalance of one or more neurotransmitters that your body already produces helping to alleviate your symptoms .”

 

Question 58

1 out of 1 points

 

 

A patient diagnosed with PTSD is prescribed propranolol (Inderal) and the PMHNP understands that he was prescribed this medication for what purpose:

Selected Answer: B.

Beta blockers are linked to reconsolidation.

 

Question 59

1 out of 1 points

 

 

A patient is prescribed sertraline to treat panic disorder. Knowing that sertraline can initially cause anxiety or insomnia, what should the PMHNP do?

Selected Answer: B.

Prescribe short-acting benzodiazepine for 2 weeks, then discontinue.

 

Question 60

1 out of 1 points

 

 

A patient was diagnosed with GAD 4 weeks ago and was placed on Clonazepam (klonopin) twice a day and citalopram (citalopram (celexa)) once daily. When he asks the PMHNP why it is necessary to wean him off of the Clonazepam (klonopin) the best response is:

Answer:

 

 

Question 61

Clonazepam (klonopin) was used as an aid to treat your condition while you were adjusting to citalopram (celexa)

1 out of 1 points

 

 

While genes have potential to modify behavior, behavior can also modify genes. How do genes impact this process?

Selected Answer: B.

Changes made to proteins lead to changes in behavior.

 

Question 62

1 out of 1 points

 

 

The PMHNP is considering prescribing a 49-year-old male clozapine (Clozaril) to treat his schizophrenia and suicidal ideations. The PMHNP is aware that which factor may impact the dose needed to effectively treat his condition:

Selected Answer: A.

The patient smokes cigarettes.

 

Question 63

1 out of 1 points

 

 

A nursing student is seeking clarification on the use of anticonvulsants to treat depression and is unclear about most effective outcomes. Which of the following agents does the PMHNP convey as having uncertain outcomes?

Selected Answer: B.

Gabapentin (Neurontin)

 

Question 64

• out of 1 points

 

lorazepam (Ativan). What does the PMHNP understand regarding this prescription? Selected Answer: C.

The PMHNP will prescribe more than 2-6 mg for Mr. Gutier to take daily.

 

Question 65

• out of 1 points

 

 

The PMHNP understands that which mechanism contributes to a worse tolerability profile for patients taking tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs)?

Selected Answer: B.

Muscarinic M1 receptor blockade causes blurred vision.

 

Question 66

1 out of 1 points

 

 

A client who was diagnosed with bipolar disorder without mania, asks the PMHNP why he is being prescribed a mood stabilizer. What is the appropriate response?

 

Selected Answer:

 

 

Question 67

1 out of 1 points

C.

Mood stabilizers can treat either manic phases or depressive phases of bipolar disorder.

 

 

 

Which statement made by the patient suggests the patient will need to be treated with antipsychotics that target paranoid psychosis?

Selected Answer: B.

“I have to talk to the President because I’m the only one who can help him.”

 

Question 68

• out of 0 points

 

When completing this exam, did you comply with Walden University’s Code of Conduct including the expectations for academic integrity?

Selected Answer: Yes Question 69

• out of 1 points

 

 

The PMHNP evaluates the patient for “fear conditioning” when he asks: Selected Answer: A.

Have you ever experienced any type of trauma?

 

Question 70

1 out of 1 points

 

 

During assessment a patient states “Why are you asking me about my heart, I am here for my head”, the PMHNP’s best response is:

 

Selected Answer:

D.

“Anxiety can cause cortisol levels to increase and when this happens frequently it puts you at risk for comorbidities such as type 2 diabetes.”

 

Question 71

1 out of 1 points

 

 

Ms. Harlow is a 42-year-old patient who is prescribed a drug that acts on ionotropic receptors. She is curious about the effects of the drug and how it will act on her symptoms. Which statement made by the PMHNP demonstrates proper understanding of Ms. Harlow’s prescription?

Selected Answer: A.

“The drug will have an almost immediate effect.”

 

Question 72

1 out of 1 points

 

A patient recently transferred following a suicide attempt has a history of schizophrenia, depression, and fibromyalgia. He is currently taking Amitriptyline (Elavil), Lisinopril, aspirin, and fluoxetine (Prozac). When assessing the psychiatric medications and the reason for admission, what would be the best course of action for the PMHNP with this client?

Selected Answer: A.

Review Amitriptyline (Elavil) level

 

Question 73

1 out of 1 points

 

 

The PMHNP is caring for a patient with the s genotype of SERT. What does the PMHNP understand regarding this patient’s response to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)/SNRI treatment?

Selected Answer: D.

The patient may be less responsive or tolerant to the treatment.

 

Question 74

1 out of 1 points

 

 

The PMHNP is meeting with a new mother who would like to begin taking medication again to treat her bipolar depression; she is breastfeeding her 2-month old daughter. The PMHNP recognizes that which of the following medications is contraindicated for this client?

Selected Answer: C.

Lithium (Lithobid)

 

Question 75

1 out of 1 points

 

 

A patient is diagnosed with schizophrenia. What increases the patient’s potential to mediate the cognitive symptoms of the disease?

 

Selected Answer:

A.

Achieving underactivity of the mesocorticol projections to the prefrontal

cortex

Question 76

1 out of 1 points

 

 

A patient presents with frequent episodes of mania. Which statement describes an appropriate treatment approach for this patient?

Selected Answer: B.

“The patient could benefit from an anticonvulsant.” Sunday, April 5, 2020 2:39:39 PM EDT